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References

  1. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:e18 e209.
  2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Angina. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Angina/Angina_WhatIs.html. Accessed February 4, 2009.
  3. American Heart Association. Angina pectoris. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4472. Accessed March 2, 2010.
  4. Morrow DA, Gersh BJ. Chronic coronary artery disease. In: Braunwald E, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:1353.
  5. American Heart Association: Heart attack. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/Heart-Attack_UCM_001092_SubHomePage.jsp. Accessed March 2, 2010.
  6. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(24):e44-e164.
  7. Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, et al. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: executive summary and recommendations: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force On Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation. 1999;99;2829-2848.
  8. Chestnut LG, Keller LR, Lambert WE, et al. Measuring heart patients' willingness to pay for changes in angina symptoms: some methodological implications. Med Decis Making. 1996;16:65-77.
  9. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Health-related quality of life. http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol. Accessed March 2, 2010.
  10. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503-1516.
  11. Fihn SD, Williams SV, Daley J, et al. Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: treatment. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:616-32.
  12. Medline Plus: Edema. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/edema.html. Accessed March 17, 2010.
  13. American Heart Association. What is cardiac rehabilitation? http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/CardiacRehab/What-is-Cardiac-Rehabilitation_UCM_307049_Article.jsp. Accessed April 29, 2011.
  14. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Cardiac rehabilitation. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/rehab/rehab_whatis.html. Accessed April 29, 2011.
  15. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Types of blood pressure medication. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htm#calcium. Accessed May 24, 2011.

*If you have angina that does not go away with rest or nitroglycerin, get emergency medical help right away.

If you still have angina even though you are getting treatment, talk with your doctor about your options.

The information on this website does not take the place of talking with your cardiologist or healthcare professional.

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